What does lugging refer to in engine operation?

Lugging refers to a situation where the engine is operated below its optimal performance range, specifically under peak torque. When an engine is lugging, it struggles to perform efficiently, often because it is in a gear that is too high for the speed at which it is running. This can lead to increased strain on the engine, reduced fuel efficiency, and potential mechanical issues over time. Operating below peak torque means the engine is not producing enough power to operate smoothly, which can cause poor acceleration and hesitation. Understanding this concept is important for drivers to maintain their engine's health and performance, as well as to ensure safe driving in various conditions.